Autism

Autism is a spectrum disorder, which means it presents in a variety of ways and affects individuals differently. The term Autism Spectrum Disorder, or ASD includes several types of autism that were previously diagnosed separately. The different types used to include:

1. Autistic Disorder (Classic Autism): Often characterized by significant language delays, social challenges, and repetitive behaviors. People with classic autism may also have intellectual disabilities.

2. Asperger's Syndrome: Individuals with Asperger’s typically have milder symptoms of autism, especially regarding language and cognitive development. Social difficulties and restricted interests are common.

3. Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS): Sometimes called "atypical autism," this diagnosis was given when someone had some but not all characteristics of classic autism or Asperger’s.

4. Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD): A rare condition where children develop typically for a few years and then experience severe loss of social, language, and motor skills.

In 2013, the DSM-5, or Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, combined these diagnoses under the umbrella term Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Within ASD, professionals often describe individuals based on support needs or severity levels:

• Level 1 (Requiring Support) – May have mild social challenges and require some assistance.
• Level 2 (Requiring Substantial Support) – More pronounced social difficulties and restrictive behaviors.
• Level 3 (Requiring Very Substantial Support) – Severe challenges in communication and daily life.

While ASD is now categorized under one diagnosis, each person's experience is unique. Some may excel in certain areas like memory, math, or art, while others may face significant challenges in social interaction or sensory processing.